Silver
Element 47 · chemical symbol: Ag
These Vrulum profiles mention Silver by name. Read each profile for its specific context; a mention alone does not establish composition, performance or use of the pure element.
For periodic-table data and other properties, consult the Royal Society of Chemistry periodic table.
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AI mathematical reasoning and theorem proving
AI systems now solve some olympiad-level mathematics problems, including a score at gold-medal level at the 2025 International Mathematical Olympiad. Formal proof systems that check each step in the Lean language are the most rigorous of these approaches, but results on contest problems do not yet show that AI can solve open research problems.
Passive daytime radiative cooling
Passive daytime radiative cooling uses surfaces that reflect almost all sunlight while giving off heat as infrared light that escapes through the atmosphere into space. Laboratory and rooftop tests have cooled surfaces several degrees below the surrounding air in full sun without using electricity.
Smart textiles
Smart textiles are fabrics with sensors, displays, memory or batteries built into the yarn or fibre itself. Lab demonstrations from 2021 to 2026 show textile displays, sensing fibres and fibre-shaped chips, and at least one garment with fabric sensors is sold, but washing durability is still hard to compare across studies.