Certified 33.89% perovskite/silicon tandem cell exceeds the single-junction Shockley-Queisser limit
What was demonstrated
A two-terminal monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem cell, built on a double-textured Czochralski silicon heterojunction bottom cell with a lithium fluoride and diammonium diiodide bilayer passivation at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface, reached an independently certified stabilised power conversion efficiency of 33.89%, with a fill factor of 83.0% and an open-circuit voltage of nearly 1.97 V.
Why it matters
The authors report it as the first certified two-junction tandem efficiency above the 33.7% single-junction Shockley-Queisser limit, supporting tandems as a route past the efficiency ceiling of conventional silicon cells.
Caveats
- This is a small-area laboratory cell; module-scale efficiency is typically lower.
- Long-term outdoor stability of perovskite layers remains a key unresolved issue and was not the focus of this result.
- Manufacturing yield and cost at scale are not addressed.
Technology profiles
Sources
- peer reviewed paper
Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with bilayer interface passivation
Jiang Liu, Yongcai He, Lei Ding et al.. Nature, 5 Sept 2024. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07997-7.
Last reviewed 20 Oct 2026.