Chemical elements · Directory entry

Barium

Element 56 · chemical symbol: Ba

These Vrulum profiles mention Barium by name. Read each profile for its specific context; a mention alone does not establish composition, performance or use of the pure element.

For periodic-table data and other properties, consult the Royal Society of Chemistry periodic table.

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Research and prototypes

Passive daytime radiative cooling

Passive daytime radiative cooling uses surfaces that reflect almost all sunlight while giving off heat as infrared light that escapes through the atmosphere into space. Laboratory and rooftop tests have cooled surfaces several degrees below the surrounding air in full sun without using electricity.

Pilot and early commercial

Superconducting power cables

High-temperature superconducting cables can carry large currents through compact conductors when they are kept cold. A small number of cables and fault-current limiters now run in real grids, but these are specialised links rather than a superconducting grid.

Pilot and early commercial

Trapped-ion quantum computers

Trapped-ion quantum computers store each qubit in a single charged atom held in place by electromagnetic fields. Vendor-reported figures for the 98-qubit Quantinuum Helios system show two-qubit gate errors of about 8 in 10,000, but gate speed, scaling and independent verification remain open questions.